2027 Longitudinal Assessment References

Due to copyright restrictions, the AOBFP cannot provide most reference materials used for longitudinal assessment. However, a list of references used for the 2027 longitudinal assessment can be found below.

Infectious diseases

• National Clinician Consultation Center (Updated Oct 2025); PEP quick guide for occupational exposures
  https://nccc.ucsf.edu/clinical-resources/pep-resources/pep-quick-guide-for-Occupational-exposure
  
• Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2026, 65th ed. (2026); Ch. 26-03: Genitourinary Tract Infections; 6. Acute Epididymitis
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3594&sectionid=299522546#1216972487
  
• JAMA (Jul 2018); Vol. 320, Issue 1; Management considerations in infective endocarditis: a review; pg. 72Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2025, 64th ed. (2025); Ch. 35-09: Infective Endocarditis
• American Family Physician (Oct 2025); Vol. 112, Issue 4; Diagnosis and management of tinea infections; pg. 382-392
  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2025/1000/tinea-infections.html
  
• Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed. (2025); Ch. 225: Superficial Fungal Infections
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3541&sectionid=294616265
  
• American Family Physician (Jun 2022); Vol. 105, Issue 6; Community-acquired pneumonia in adults: rapid evidence review; pg. 625-630
  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0600/p625.html
  
• Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed. (2025); Ch. 236: Protozoal Intestinal Infections and Trichomoniasis
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3541&sectionid=294821372
  
• Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2026, 65th ed. (2026); Ch. 6-23: Herpes Simplex (Cold or Fever Sore; Genital Herpes)
• Williams Obstetrics, 26th ed. (2022); Ch. 67: Infectious Diseases; Table 67-2
• Current Practice Guidelines in Primary Care 2025-2026 (2025); Ch. 8: Infectious Diseases; Respiratory Tract Infections, Lower (Community-Acquired Pneumonia)

Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT)

• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 5th ed. (2026); Ch. 31: Osteopathic Segmental Examination
  https://osteopathicmedicine.lwwhealthlibrary.com/content.aspx?sectionid=261500918&bookid=3456
  
• Atlas of Osteopathic Techniques, 4th ed. (2023); Ch. 19: Clinical Integration of Osteopathic Manipulative Techniques
  https://osteopathicmedicine.lwwhealthlibrary.com/content.aspx?sectionid=252637254&bookid=3202
  
• Atlas of Osteopathic Techniques, 4th ed. (2023); Ch. 10; pg. 268-271
• Atlas of Osteopathic Techniques, 4th ed. (2023); Ch. 5; pg. 271
• Atlas of Osteopathic Techniques, 4th ed. (2023); Ch. 9; pg. 244
• Atlas of Osteopathic Techniques, 4th ed. (2023); Ch. 16; pg. 545
• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2018); Ch. 27
• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2018); Ch. 40A
• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2018); Ch. 42A
• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2018); Ch. 28; pg. 664 
• Atlas of Osteopathic Techniques, 4th ed. (2023); Ch. 15; pg. 510
• Cureus (Aug 2022); Vol. 14, Issue 8; The function of osteopathic medicine in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis
• Atlas of Osteopathic Techniques, 4th ed. (2023); Ch. 15: Visceral Techniques
  https://osteopathicmedicine.lwwhealthlibrary.com/content.aspx?bookid=3202&sectionid=252636163
• Atlas of Osteopathic Techniques, 4th ed. (2023); Ch. 10: Muscle Energy Techniques

Osteopathic principles and practices (OPP)

• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2018); pg. 615
• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2018); pg. 250-251
• An Osteopathic Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment, 4th ed. (2021); Ch. 76: Articulatory and Thrusting Techniques for the Ribs
  https://osteopathicmedicine.lwwhealthlibrary.com/content.aspx?sectionid=248814797&bookid=2969
  
• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2018); pg. 969
• Atlas of Osteopathic Techniques, 3rd ed. (2015); Ch. 11; pg. 411
• ACOFP Intensive Update & Board Review (Updated Aug 2015); Breakout 4-OMT for extremity complaints
  https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/viewarticle/131140#
• StatPearls (Updated Mar 2023); Osteopathic manipulative treatment: muscle energy and HVLA procedures-fibular head dysfunction
• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2019); Functional Regional Anatomy; pg. 623-632
• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 5th ed. (2026); Ch. 6: Autonomic Nervous System
  https://osteopathicmedicine.lwwhealthlibrary.com/content.aspx?sectionid=261495665&bookid=3456
• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2018); Ch. 49c: Upper Extremities
  https://www.jhandtherapy.org/article/S0894-1130(21)00039-9/abstract
• Journal of Hand Therapy (Oct 2022); Vol. 35, Issue 4; Diagnostic accuracy of examination tests for lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) – a systematic review; pg. 541-551
• Atlas of Osteopathic Techniques, 4th ed. (2023); Ch. 5: Intersegmental Motion Testing
  https://osteopathicmedicine.lwwhealthlibrary.com/content.aspx?sectionid=252632324&bookid=3202
• Atlas of Osteopathic Techniques, 4th ed. (2023); Ch. 10: Muscle Energy Techniques
  https://osteopathicmedicine.lwwhealthlibrary.com/content.aspx?sectionid=252634405&bookid=3202
  
• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 5th ed. (2025); Ch. 50: Lymphatic Drainage Procedures
  https://osteopathicmedicine.lwwhealthlibrary.com/content.aspx?bookid=3456&sectionid=261505003
  

Preventive medicine

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Updated Sep 2023); Pneumococcal vaccination: summary of who and when to vaccinate
  https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/pneumo/hcp/who-when-to-vaccinate.html
  
• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (Updated 2024); A & B recommendations
  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation-topics/uspstf-a-and-b-recommendations
• Circulation (Mar 2019); Vol. 140, No. 11; 2019 ACC/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines; pg. e596-e646
  https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000678#d1e4128
• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (Updated Apr 2022); Aspirin use to prevent cardiovascular disease: preventive medication
  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-preventive-medication#fullrecommendationstart
• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (Updated Dec 2019); Abdominal aortic aneurysm: screening
  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening
  
• American Family Physician (Mar 2022); Vol. 105, Issue 3; Colorectal cancer screening: updated guidelines from the American College of Gastroenterology; pg. 327-329
• Maxcy-Rosenau-Last Public Health & Preventive Medicine, 16th ed. (2022); Ch. 61: Health Promotion and Disability Prevention in Older Persons
• JAMA (Mar 2021); Vol. 325, No. 10; Screening for lung cancer; pg. 962-970
  https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.1117
• JAMA (May 2018); Vol. 319, No. 18; Screening for prostate cancer; 1901-1913
  https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.3710
• JAMA (Mar 2020); Vol. 323, No. 10; Screening for hepatitis C virus infection in adolescents and adults; pg. 970-975
  https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2762186
• JAMA (Dec 2019); Vol. 322, No. 22; Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm; pg. 2211-2218
  https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2757234
  
• American Family Physician (Jan 2025); Vol. 111, Issue 1; Practice alert: pneumococcal conjugate vaccines approved for adults; pg. 12-14
• American Academy of Family Physicians (Updated 2025); Adults 19 and older immunization schedule
  https://www.aafp.org/family-physician/patient-care/prevention-wellness/immunizations-vaccines/immunization-schedules/adult-immunization-schedule.html
  

Reproductive medicine

• Quick Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2026 (2026); Amenorrhea, Secondary
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3629&sectionid=305082112
  
• Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Surgery, 16th ed. (2025); Ch. 49: Urology
• American Family Physician (May 2022); Vol. 105, Issue 5; Sexually transmitted infections: updated guideline from the CDC; pg. 553-557
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35559622/
• Clinical Dermatology: Diagnosis and Management of Common Disorders, 2nd ed. (2022); Ch. 32: Skin Diseases of the Genitals and Perineum
• https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3171&sectionid=266031039
• Fitzpatrick’s Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology, 9th ed. (2023); Sec. 34: Disorders of the Genitalia, Perineum, and Anus
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?sectionid=275947593&bookid=3309#276882898
  
• StatPearls (Updated Jan 2025); Choriocarcinoma
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30571055/
• American Journal of Translational Research (Jul 2021); Vol. 13, Issue 7; Ultrasound vs. histologic findings in 40 patients with special types of ectopic pregnancy; pg. 7829-7838
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34377260/
  
• Gabbe’s Obstetrics, 9th ed. (2024); pg. 916-920
• American Family Physician (Aug 2023); Vol. 108, Issue 2; Prenatal care: an evidence-based approach; pg. 139-150
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37590852/
• American Family Physician (Jun 2023); Vol. 107, Issue 6; Infertility: evaluation and management; pg. 623-630
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37327165/
  
• American Family Physician (Sep 2022); Vol. 106, Issue 3; Evidence-based contraception: common questions and answers; pg. 251-259
  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0900/contraception.html
  
• Ferri’s Clinical Advisor 2025 (2025); pg. 396-397
• Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Family Medicine, 5th ed. (2020); Ch. 13: Menstrual Disorders
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2934&sectionid=247398600
• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 5th ed. (2025); Ch. 58: A Modern Approach to Chapman Reflex Points; Figure 58.1
  https://osteopathicmedicine.lwwhealthlibrary.com/content.aspx?sectionid=261507238&bookid=3456
• Somatic Dysfunction in Osteopathic Family Medicine, 1st ed. (2007); Ch. 5; pg. 37-40
• An Osteopathic Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment, 3rd ed. (2005); Ch. 22; pg. 115-116

Substance use disorders

• Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2026, 65th ed. (2026); Ch. 27-01: Headache; Table 27-1
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3594&sectionid=299522936
  
• Medscape (Updated Aug 2022); Ulnar neuropathy treatment & management
  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1141515-treatment#d13
  
• American Family Physician (Mar 2021); Vol. 103, Issue 5; Peripheral nerve entrapment and injury in the upper extremity; pg. 275-285
  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0301/p275.html
  
• American Family Physician (May 2023); Vol. 107, Issue 5; Dizziness: evaluation and management; pg. 514-523
• American Family Physician (Jul 2023); Vol. 108, Issue 1; Ischemic stroke management: posthospitalization and transition of care; pg. 70-77
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37440741/
  
• Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2025, 64th ed. (2025); Ch. 26-20: Multiple Sclerosis
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3495&sectionid=288493172
• Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 21st ed. (2022); Ch. 444: Multiple Sclerosis
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3095&sectionid=265449208
  
• Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 22nd ed. (2025); Ch. 31: Dementia
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3541&sectionid=292623643
  
• Aging & Mental Health (Feb 2023); Vol. 27, Issue 2; Systemic review of pharmacological interventions for people with Lewy body dementia; pg. 203-216
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35109724/
• The Lancet Neurology (Dec 2025); Vol. 24, Issue 12; The evolving therapeutic landscape of dementia with Lewy bodies; pg. 1038-1052
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41240919/
• American Family Physician (Mar 2024); Vol. 109, Issue 3; Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: prevention and treatment; pg. 226-232
  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2024/0300/diabetic-peripheral-neuropathy.html
  
• Adams and Victor’s Principles of Neurology, 12th ed. (2023); Ch. 4: Disorders of Movement and Posture
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3313&sectionid=276730385
  
• Levinson’s Review of Medical Microbiology & Immunology: A Guide to Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18th ed. (2024); Ch. 72: Central Nervous System Infections
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3428&sectionid=284629399