2026 Longitudinal Assessment References

Due to copyright restrictions, the AOBFP cannot provide most reference materials used for longitudinal assessment. However, a list of references used for the 2026 longitudinal assessment can be found below.

Dermatology

• American Family Physician (Oct 2019); Vol. 100, Issue 8; Acne vulgaris: diagnosis and treatment; pg. 475-484
• Fitzpatrick’s Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology, 9th ed. (2023); Ch. 22: Atopic Dermatitis
  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557866/
• StatPearls (Updated May 2023) Toxicodendron toxicity
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3309&sectionid=275941291
• Fitzpatrick’s Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology, 9th ed. (2023); Sec. 2: Eczema/Dermatitis
• Journal of General Internal Medicine (Oct 2024); Vol. 40; Xylazine induced skin necrosis; pg. 941-942
• American Family Physician (Sep 2023); Vol. 108, Issue 3; The role of xylazine in the overdose crisis; pg. 229-230
• American Family Physician (Aug 2023); Vol. 108, Issue 2; Pressure injuries: prevention, evaluation, and management; pg. 166-174
• Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (Dec 2023); Vol. 89, Issue 6; Cutaneous tuberculosis. Part I: pathogenesis, classification, and clinical features; pg. 1091-1103
• JAMA Dermatology (Sep 2022); Vol. 158, Issue 9; Cutaneous anthrax; pg. 1065
  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/anthrax-cutaneous-anthrax/
• Dermatology Advisor (Updated Mar 2019); Anthrax (cutaneous anthrax)
• Dermatologic Therapy (Jan 2022); Vol. 35, Issue 1; Long-term inflammatory rosacea management with subantibiotic dose oral doxycycline 40 mg modified-release capsules once daily American Family Physician (Jun 2024); Vol. 109, Issue 6; Rosacea: common questions and answers; pg. 533-542
  https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pde.15708
• Pediatric Dermatology (Aug 2024); Vol. 41; An update on tinea capitis in children; pg. 1030-1039
• American Family Physician (Oct 2024); Vol. 110, Issue 4; Diagnosing common benign skin tumors; pg. 353-361
• Clinical and Experimental Medicine (May 2021); Vol. 21, Issue 2; Alopecia areata: a review on diagnosis, immunological etiopathogenesis and treatment options; pg. 215-230
• Dermatologic Clinics (Jan 2023); Vol. 4, Issue 1; Basal cell carcinoma; pg. 13-21

Emergency Medicine

• Merck Manual, 20th ed. (2018); Ch. 13; pg. 107 Merck Manual, 20th ed. (2018); Ch. 309; pg. 2584
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37541755/
• BMJ Open (Aug 2023); Vol. 13, Issue 8
• Management of acute non-specific low back pain in the emergency department: do emergency physicians follow the guidelines? Results of a cross-sectional survey; pg. e071893
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2547&sectionid=206785182
• The Color Atlas and Synopsis of Family Medicine, 3rd ed. (2019); Ch. 101: Back Pain Annals of Emergency Medicine (Aug 2015); Vol. 66, Issue 2; Managing nontraumatic acute back pain; pg. 148-153
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1872&sectionid=146990741
• Principles and Practice of Hospital Medicine, 2nd ed. (2017); Ch. 251: Addiction of Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs
  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558953/
• StatPearls (Updated May 2023); Physiology, Chapman’s points
• Tomography (Feb 2022); Vol. 8, Issue 1; Acute pulmonary embolism: prognostic role of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA); pg. 529-539
• American Family Physician (Nov 2012); Vol. 86, Issue 10; Diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism; pg. 913-919
• Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE (Sep 2023); Vol. 199; Focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) exam:
  image acquisition
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3495&sectionid=288497344
• Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2025 (2025); Ch. 32-05: Animal & Human Bite Wounds
  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2024/0500/acute-pericarditis.html
• American Family Physician (May 2024); Vol. 109, Issue 5; Acute pericarditis: rapid evidence review; pg. 442-446
• American Family Physician (2023); Vol. 107, Issue 2; Chest pain evaluation: updated guidelines from the AHA/ACC; pg. 204-206
• American Family Physician (Dec 2020); Vol. 102, Issue 12; Acute chest pain in adults: outpatient evaluation; pg. 721-727
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3343&sectionid=279904856
• Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 (2024); Ch. 16-11: Antithrombotic Therapy
• The American Journal of Emergency Medicine (Oct 2024); Vol. 84; Osteopathic manipulation and its applicability in the emergency department: a narrative review; pg. 74-80
• Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Emergency Medicine, 8th ed. (2024); Ch. 21: Arthritis & Back Pain

Nephrology and Urology

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538499/
• StatPearls (Updated Apr 2024); Male urinary retention: acute and chronic
• Primary Care Medicine, 8th ed. (2021); Ch. 138: Approach to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
• Journal of Osteopathic Medicine (2022); Vol. 122, Issue 1; A renaissance in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease, hypertension in chronic kidney disease, and beyond; pg. 55-63
• American Family Physician (Jul 2019); Vol. 99, Issue 12; Diabetic kidney disease: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention; pg. 751-759
• Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (Aug 2015); Vol. 26, Issue 8; Drug-induced reduction in albuminuria is associated with subsequent renoprotection: a meta-analysis; pg. 2055-2064
• The Journal of Pharmacy Technology (Feb 2018); Vol. 34, Issue 1; Monitoring patients on metformin: recent changes and rationales; pg. 28-36
  https://www.cochrane.org/CD006257/RENAL_angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitors-and-angiotensin-receptor-blockers-preventing-progression
• Cochrane (Updated Mar 2024); Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of diabetic kidney disease
  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2024/0400/type-2-diabetes-noninsulin-pharmacotherapy.html
• American Family Physician (Apr 2024); Vol. 109, Issue 4; Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus with noninsulin pharmacotherapy; pg. 333-342
  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2022.09.018
• Kidney International Reports (Dec 2022); Vol. 7, Issue 12; Use of glucose-lowering agents in diabetes and CKD; pg. 2589-2607
  https://doi.org/10.2337/dc24-S011
• Diabetes Care (Jan 2024); Vol. 47, Supplement 1
• American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee; 11. Chronic kidney disease and risk management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024; pg. S219-S230
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38078574/
• Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2025 (2025); Ch. 24-11: Chronic Kidney Disease
• American Family Physician (Jun 2023); Vol. 107, Issue 6; Overdiagnosis of CKD in older adults: unnecessary interventions, costs, and worry; pg. 657-658
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3542&sectionid=291612366
• Current Practice Guidelines in Primary Care 2025-2026 (2025); Ch. 6: Genitourinary Disorders
• JAMA Internal Medicine (Jan 2025); Vol. 185, Issue 1; When dysuria is more than just a urinary tract infection; pg. 103-104
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3095&sectionid=263550180
• Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 21st ed. (2022); Ch. 318: Nephrolithiasis
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3495&sectionid=288492147
• Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2025 (2025); Ch. 25-05: Urinary Stone Disease
• American Family Physician (Dec 2023); Vol. 108, Issue 6; Chronic kidney disease: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment; pg. 554-561
• Diabetes Care (Jan 2025); Vol. 48, Supplement 1; 9.
• Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025; pg. S181-S206

Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT)

• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2018); pg. 700-709
  https://osteopathicmedicine.lwwhealthlibrary.com/content.aspx?sectionid=209548489&bookid=2582
• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2018); Ch. 34: Muscle Energy
  https://osteopathicmedicine.lwwhealthlibrary.com/content.aspx?sectionid=209548887&bookid=2582
• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2018); Ch. 35: High-Velocity Low Amplitude (HVLA) Thrust
  https://osteopathicmedicine.lwwhealthlibrary.com/content.aspx?sectionid=209549749&bookid=2582
• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2018); Ch. 37: Strain/Counterstrain
  https://osteopathicmedicine.lwwhealthlibrary.com/content.aspx?sectionid=209550824&bookid=2582
• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2018); Ch. 40B
• Osteopathic Medicine: A Core Concepts Approach, 1st ed. (2021); Ch. 10; pg. 184-185
  https://osteopathicmedicine.lwwhealthlibrary.com/content.aspx?bookid=2582&sectionid=209557086
• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2018); Ch. 47A: Obstetrics; Postpartum Management
• OMT Review: A Comprehensive Review in Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2018); Ch. 18: Special Tests; pg. 277
• Atlas of Osteopathic Techniques, 4th ed. (2023); Ch. 10; pg. 274-275
• Journal of Osteopathic Medicine (Jan 2024); Vol. 124, Issue 5; The effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment on pain and disability in patients with chronic low back pain: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial; pg. 219-230
  https://osteopathicmedicine.lwwhealthlibrary.com/content.aspx?bookid=2969&sectionid=248813164
• An Osteopathic Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment, 4th ed. (2021); Ch. 38: Muscle Energy of the Thoracic Spine; pg. 172-174
• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2018); Ch. 39: Lymphatic Drainage Procedures
• Somatic Dysfunction in Osteopathic Family Medicine, 2nd ed. (2015); Ch. 7; pg. 57
• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2018); Ch. 31: Assessing Viscerosomatic Reflexes and Somatosomatic Reflexes, Jones Tender Points, Trigger Points, and Chapman Reflexes
• Atlas of Osteopathic Techniques, 4th ed. (2023); Ch. 15; pg. 503 Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2018); Ch. 969

Sports Medicine

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459212/
• StatPearls (Updated May 2023); Acute ankle sprain
• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2018); pg. 1501
• Orthopedic Reviews (Jun 2021); Vol. 13, Issue 2; An update on peroneal nerve entrapment and neuropathy; pg. 24937
• Current Sports Medicine Reports (Jun 2021); Vol. 6; Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome in athletes – nonsurgical treatment options; pg. 319-326
• Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine, 4th ed. (2018); pg. 1278
• DeLee, Drez, & Miller’s Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, 5th ed. (2020); Ch. 56: Injury to the Acromioclavicular and Sternoclavicular Joints
• International Medical Case Reports Journal (Jan 2018); Vol. 11; Cauliflower ear – a minimally invasive treatment method in a wrestling athlete: a case report; pg. 5-7
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?sectionid=250588043&bookid=2969#250588046
• The Atlas of Emergency Medicine, 5th ed. (2021); Ch. 1-12: External Ear Injuries
  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2023/1200/sports-related-overuse-injuries.html
• American Family Physician (Dec 2023); Vol. 108, Issue 6; Childhood and adolescent sports-related overuse injuries; pg. 545-553
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3388&sectionid=282391360
• Quick Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2024 (2024); Ankle Sprains, Inversion & Eversion
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3066&sectionid=255722270
• Current Diagnosis & Treatment in Orthopedics, 6th ed. (2021); Ch. 3: Sports Medicine: Upper Extremity
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3495&sectionid=288503984
• Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2025 (2025); Ch. 43-02: Musculoskeletal Injuries of the Shoulder
  https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/guidelines/returning-to-sports.html
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Updated Aug 2024); Returning to sports
• American Family Physician (May 2023); Vol. 107, Issue 5; Acute shoulder injuries in adults; pg. 503-512

Substance Use Disorders

• Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Recommendations and Reports (Nov 2022); Vol. 71, Issue 3; CDC clinical practice guidelines for prescribing opioids for pain – United States, 2022; pg. 1-95
• American Family Physician (Sep 2021); Vol. 104, Issue 3; Alcohol withdrawal syndrome: outpatient management; pg. 253-262
• JAMA Network Open (Nov 2024); Vol. 7, Issue 11;Oxytocin and the role of fluid restriction in MDMA-induced hyponatremia: a secondary analysis of 4 randomized clinical trials
• Hepatology Communications (Jan 2024); Vol. 8, Issue 2; Management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in patients with alcohol-associated liver disease
  https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/pep21-02-01-002.pdf
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Updated 2021); TIP 63: Medications for opioid use disorder
  https://www.nami.org/about-mental-illness/treatments/mental-health-medications/types-of-medication/methadone/
• National Alliance on Mental Illness (Updated Sep 2024); Methadone
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3339&sectionid=277535135
• ECG Core Curriculum, 1st ed. (2023); Ch. 22: Medication Effects and QT Syndromes
• Williams Obstetrics, 26th ed. (2022); Ch. 64: Psychiatric Disorders
  https://www.cdc.gov/opioid-use-during-pregnancy/treatment/index.html
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Updated May 2024); Treatment of opioid use disorder before, during, and after pregnancy
  https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/pep21-02-01-002.pdf
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Updated 2021); TIP 63: Medications for opioid use disorder
  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2017/08/opioid-use-and-opioid-use-disorder-in-pregnancy
• ACOG (Aug 2017); Committee Opinion Number 711; Opioid use and opioid use disorder in pregnancy
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3095&sectionid=265468653
• Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 21st ed. (2022); Ch. 456: Opioid-Related Disorders
  https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3495&sectionid=288504806
• Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2025 (2025); Ch. 45-03: Opioid Intoxication & Overdose
• American Family Physician (May 2024); Vol. 109, Issue 5; Substance misuse in adults: a primary care approach; pg. 430-440
• CNS Drugs (Jun 2019); Vol. 33, Issue 6; Buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder: an overview; pg. 567-580
• American Family Physician (May 2024); Vol. 109, Issue 5; Substance misuse in adults: a primary care approach; pg. 430-440
  http://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/quick-start-guide.pdf
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Updated 2013); Buprenorphine quick start guide Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine (Sep 2023); Vol. 90, Issue 90; A practical guide for buprenorphine initiation in the primary care setting; pg. 557-564